Nways Multiprotocol Access Services
Protocol Configuration and Monitoring
Reference Version 3.3 Volume 2

Configuring and Monitoring AppleTalk Phase 2

This chapter describes the AppleTalk Phase 2 (AP2) configuring and monitoring commands. It includes the following sections:

"Accessing the AppleTalk Phase 2 Configuration Environment"
"AppleTalk Phase 2 Configuration Commands"
"Accessing the AppleTalk Phase 2 Monitoring Environment"
"AppleTalk Phase 2 Monitoring Commands"

Accessing the AppleTalk Phase 2 Configuration Environment

To access the AppleTalk Phase 2 configuration environment, enter the following command at the Config> prompt:

   Config> ap2
   AP2 Protocol user configuration
   AP2 Config>

AppleTalk Phase 2 Configuration Commands

This section describes the AppleTalk Phase 2 configuration commands.

The AppleTalk Phase 2 configuration commands allow you to specify network parameters for router interfaces that transmit AppleTalk Phase 2 packets. The information you specify with the configuration commands becomes activated when you restart the router.

Enter the AppleTalk Phase 2 configuration commands at the AP2 config> prompt. Table 53 shows the commands.

Table 53. AppleTalk Phase 2 Configuration Commands Summary

Command Function
? (Help) Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available). See "Getting Help".
Add Adds zone names, network filters, and zone filters to an interface.
Delete Deletes the zone names, interfaces, network filters, and zone filters.
Disable Disables interfaces, checksumming, split-horizon routing, network filters, or zone filters, or globally disables AppleTalk Phase 2.
Enable Enables interfaces, checksumming, split-horizon routing, network filters, zone filters, or globally enables AppleTalk Phase 2.
List Displays the current AppleTalk Phase 2 configuration.
Set Sets the cache size, network range, and node number.
Exit Returns you to the previous command level. See "Exiting a Lower Level Environment".

Command	Function
? (Help)	Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available). See "Getting Help".
Add	Adds zone names, network filters, and zone filters to an interface.
Delete	Deletes the zone names, interfaces, network filters, and zone filters.
Disable	Disables interfaces, checksumming, split-horizon routing, network filters, or zone filters, or globally disables AppleTalk Phase 2.
Enable	Enables interfaces, checksumming, split-horizon routing, network filters, zone filters, or globally enables AppleTalk Phase 2.
List	Displays the current AppleTalk Phase 2 configuration.
Set	Sets the cache size, network range, and node number.
Exit	Returns you to the previous command level. See "Exiting a Lower Level Environment".

Add

Use the add command to add the zone name to the interface zone list or to add the zone name to the interface zone list as the default for the interface or to add network and zone filters.

Syntax:

add: zone . . .
: defaultzone . . .
: nfilter in . . .
: nfilter out . . .
: zfilter in . . .
: zfilter out . . .

zone interface# zonename

Adds the zone name to the interface zone list. If you define a network number for an interface, you should also define the zone names for the interface. If you did not define a network number, do not define zone names.

Example:

  ap2config>add zone
  Interface # [0]? 0
  Zone name []? Finance

defaultzone interface# zonename

Adds a default zone name for the interface. If a node on the network requests a zone name that is invalid, the router assigns the default zone name to the node until another zone name is chosen. If you add more than one default to an interface, the last one added overrides the previous default. If you do not add a default, the first zone name added using the zone command is the default.

Example:

  ap2config>add defaultzone
  Interface # [0]? 0
  Zone name []? Headquarters

nfilter in interface# first network# last network#

Adds a network filter to the input of the interface. The network range that you enter must match the network range you set for that interface. You cannot filter only a portion of a network range. For example, if you set a network range of 1-10, and you set up a filter for 5-8, the router filters the full network range of 1-10.

Example:

            ap2config>add nfilter in
            Interface # [0]? 0
            First Network range number (decimal) [0]? 1
            Last Network range number (decimal) [0]? 10

nfilter out interface# first network# last network#

Adds a network filter to the output of the interface. The network range that you enter must match the network range you set for that interface. You cannot filter only a portion of a network range. For example, if you set a network range of 1-0, and you set up a filter for 5-8, the router filters the full network range of 1-10.

Example:

            ap2config>add nfilter out
            Interface # [0]? 0
            First Network range number (decimal) [0]? 11
            Last Network range number (decimal) [0]? 20

zfilter in interface# zone name

Adds a zone name filter to the input or output of the interface.

Example:

            ap2config>add zfilter in
            Interface # [0]? 1
            Zone name []? Marketing

zfilter out interface# zone name

Adds a zone name filter to the output of the interface.

Example:

            ap2config>add zfilter out
            Interface # [0]? 0
            Zone name []? Corporate

Delete

Use the delete command to delete a zone name from the interface zone list, network or zone name filters, or all AppleTalk Phase 2 information from an interface.

Syntax:

delete: zone . . .
: nfilter in . . .
: nfilter out . . .
: zfilter in . . .
: zfilter out . . .
: interface

zone interface# zonename

Deletes a zone name from the interface zone list.

Example:

            ap2config>delete zone 2 newyork

nfilter in interface# first network# last network#

Deletes a network filter from the input of the interface. You must enter the same network range numbers you set using the add nfilter in command.

Example:

            ap2config>delete nfilter in
            Interface # [0]? 0
            First Network range number (decimal) [0]? 1
            Last Network range number (decimal) [0]? 12

nfilter out interface#

Deletes a network filter from the output of the interface. You must enter the same network range numbers you set using the add nfilter out command.

Example:

            ap2config>delete nfilter out
            Interface # [0]? 0
            First Network range number (decimal) [0]? 11
            Last Network range number (decimal) [0]? 20

zfilter in interface# zone name

Deletes a zone name filter from the input of the interface.

Example:

            ap2config>delete nfilter in
            Interface # [0]? 1
            Zone name []? Marketing

zfilter out interface# zone name

Deletes a zone name filter from the output of the interface.

Example:

delete zfilter out

            Interface # [0]? 1
            Zone name []? Marketing

interface

Use this command to delete an interface. This is the only way to delete zone names that have non-printing characters.

Example:

ap2config>delete interface 1

Disable

Use the disable command to disable AP2 on all interfaces or on a specified interface, checksumming, filtering, APL/AP2 translation, or split horizon routing.

Syntax:

disable: ap2
: checksum
: interface . . .
: nfilter in . . .
: nfilter out . . .
: zfilter in . . .
: zfilter out . . .
: split-horizon-routing . . .

ap2

Disables the AppleTalk Phase 2 packet forwarder for all interfaces.

Example:

ap2config>disable ap2

checksum

Specifies that the router will not compute the checksum in packets it generates. The router usually checksums all packets it forwards. This is the default.

Example:

ap2config>disable checksum

interface interface#

Disables all AP2 functions on the specified network interface. The network continues to remain available for all other protocols.

Example:

ap2config>disable interface 2

nfilter in interface#

Disables, but does not delete, the input network filters on this interface.

Example:

ap2config>disable nfilter in
Interface # [0]? 2

nfilter out interface#

Disables, but does not delete, the output network filters on this interface.

Example:

ap2config>disable nfilter out
Interface # [0]? 2

zfilter in interface#

Disables, but does not delete, the input zone filters on this interface.

Example:

ap2config>disable zfilter in
Interface # [0]? 1

zfilter out interface#

Disables, but does not delete, the output zone filters on this interface.

Example:

ap2config>disable zfilter out O
Interface # [0]? 1

split-horizon-routing interface#

Disables split-horizon-routing on this interface. You need to disable split-horizon routing only on Frame Relay interfaces that are on a hub in a partially-meshed Frame Relay network. Disabling split-horizon routing causes all of the routing tables to be propagated on this interface.

Example:

ap2config>disable split-horizon-routing 0

Enable

Use the enable command to enable the checksum function, to enable a specified interface, to enable AppleTalk 2 gateway function, or to globally enable the AppleTalk Phase 2 protocol.

Syntax:

enable: ap2
: checksum
: interface . . .
: nfilter in . . .
: nfilter out . . .
: split-horizon-routing . . .
: zfilter . . .

ap2

Enables the AppleTalk Phase 2 packet forwarder over all of the interfaces.

Example:

ap2config>enable ap2

checksum

Specifies that the router will compute the checksum in packets it generates. The router checksums all AP2 packets it forwards.

Example:

ap2config>enable checksum

interface interface#

Enables the router to send AppleTalk Phase 2 packets over specific interfaces.

Example:

ap2config>enable interface 3

nfilter in exclusive or exclusive interface#

Enables network input filters and controls how the filter is applied to the interface. Inclusive forwards matches. Exclusive drops matches.

Example:

             ap2config>enable filter in inc
             Interface # [0]? 1

nfilter out exclusive or exclusive interface#

Enables network output filters and controls how the filter is applied to the interface. Inclusive forwards matches. Exclusive drops matches.

Example:

           ap2config>enable filter out exec
           Interface # [0]? 1

split-horizon-routing interface #

Enables split-horizon routing on the interface. The default is enabled.

Example:

ap2config>enable split-horizon-routing 1

zfilter

Enables zone filters assigned to an interface. Must specify if filter is "in" or "out" and if the filter is inclusive or exclusive. Inclusive means that only packets matching the filter will be routed. Exclusive means that all packets matching the filter will be discarded.

Example:

             ap2config>enable zfilter in inc
             Interface # [0]?

Example:

            ap2config>enable zfilter out exec
            Interface # [0]? 0

List

Use the list command to display the current AP2 configuration. In the example, the router is a seed router on interfaces 0 and 1
Note: The list command accepts an interface# as an argument.

Syntax:

list

Example:

            ap2config>list
            APL2 globally  enabled
            Checksumming  disabled
            Cache size 500
 
            List of configured interfaces:
 
            Interface       netrange         /  node        Zone
           0               1000-1000         /  1       "SerialLine"(Def)
            Input ZFilters disabled
            Input NFilters (inclusive)
            Output ZFilters disabled
            Output NFilters disabled
            Split-horizon-routing enabled
           1               10-19             /  52  "EtherTalk", "Sales"(Def)
            Input ZFilters disabled
            Input NFilters (inclusive)
            Output ZFilters disabled
            Output NFilters disabled
            Split-horizon-routing enabled
           2               unseeded net      /  0
            Input ZFilters disabled
            Input NFilters (inclusive)
            Output ZFilters disabled
            Output NFilters disabled
            Split-horizon-routing disabled

APL2 globally

Indicates whether AppleTalk Phase 2 is globally enabled or disabled.

Checksumming

Indicates whether checksum is enabled or disabled.

Cache size

Number of fastpath cache entries.

List of configured interfaces

Lists each interface number and its network range, node number, and zone name(s) as well as the default zone.

For each interface also lists whether or not input and output zone filters and network filters and enabled or disabled. If they are enabled, indicates whether or not they are inclusive or exclusive.

Input/output Zfilters

Indicates zone filters assigned to an interface. Inclusive means that only packets matching the filter will be routed. Exclusive means that all packets matching the filter will be discarded. The name of the zone filtered is displayed. Input means that the filter is applied to traffic coming into the interface. Output means that filter is applied to traffic going out to the interface.

Input/output Nfilters

Indicates net filters assigned to an interface. Inclusive means that only packets matching the filter will be routed. Exclusive means that all packets matching the filter will be discarded. The range of networks filtered is displayed. Input means that the filter is applied to traffic coming into the interface. Output means that filter is applied to traffic going out to the interface.

Split-horizon-routing

Shows whether or not split-horizon routing is enabled or disabled on each interface.

Set

Use the set command to define the cache-size of fastpath or specific AppleTalk Phase 2 parameters, including the network range in seed routers and the node number.

Syntax:

set: cache-size . . .
: net-range . . .
: node . . .

cache-size value

Cache-size corresponds to the total number of AppleTalk networks and nodes that can simultaneously communicate through this router using the fastpath feature. (Fastpath is a method of precalculating MAC headers to forward packets more quickly.) The default is 500, which allows up to 500 networks and nodes to simultaneously communicate through the router and still use fastpath. If the number of networks and nodes becomes greater than the cache size, the router still forwards the packets, but it does not use fastpath. Valid values for cache size are: 0 (disable), 100 to 10 000. Although not recommended, setting the cache-size to zero disables the fastpath feature and no memory is used for the cache. You need to change this default only for very large networks. Each cache-size entry uses 36 bytes of memory.

Example:

ap2config>set cache-size 700

net-range interface# first# last#

Assigns the network range in seed routers using the following:

interface# - Designates the router interface to operate on.
first# - Assigns the lowest number of the network range. Legal values are 1 to 65279 (10xFEFF hexadecimal).
last# - Sets the highest number of the network range. Legal values are first# to 65279.

A single numbered network has the same first and last values. A first value of zero deletes the netrange for the interface and turn the "seeded" interface into an "unseeded" interface. First# and last# are inclusive in the network range.

Setting the first value to zero on a Point-to-Point (PPP) interface allows that interface to operate in "half-router" mode. In half-router mode, neither of the two ends of a PPP network is configured with a network range or a zone list which reduces the amount of configuration needed. Both routers on a PPP network must operate in the same mode.
Note: When connecting a 2216 to an IBM 6611 using a PPP interface, set the 2216 for "half-router" mode which is the only mode of operation supported by the IBM 6611 for AppleTalk communications over a PPP interface.

Example:

 ap2config>set Net-Range 2 43 45

node interface# node#

Assigns the starting node number for the router. The router will AARP for this node but if it is already in use, a new node will be chosen. The following explains each argument that is entered after this command:

interface# - Designates the router interface to operate on.
node# - Designates the first attempted node number. Legal values are 1 to 253. A node# value of zero deletes the node number for the interface and forces the router to choose one at random.

Example:

ap2config>set node 2 2

Accessing the AppleTalk Phase 2 Monitoring Environment

To access the AppleTalk Phase 2 monitoring environment, enter the following command at the + (GWCON) prompt:

   + protocol ap2
   AP2>

AppleTalk Phase 2 Monitoring Commands

This section describes the AppleTalk Phase 2 monitoring commands which allow you to view the parameters and statistics of the interfaces and networks that transmit AppleTalk Phase 2 packets. Monitoring commands display configuration values for the physical, frame, and packet levels. You also have the option of viewing the values for all three protocol levels at once.

Enter the AppleTalk Phase 2 monitoring commands at the AP2> prompt. Table 54 shows the commands.

Table 54. AppleTalk Phase 2 Monitoring Command Summary

Command Function
? (Help) Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available). See "Getting Help".
Atecho Sends echo requests and watches for responses.
Cache Displays the cache table entries.
Clear Counters Clears all cache usage counters and packet overflow counters.
Counters Displays the overflow count of AP2 packets for each interface.
Dump Displays the current state of the routing table for all networks in the internet and their associated zone names.
Interface Displays the current addresses of the interfaces.
Exit Returns you to the previous command level. See "Exiting a Lower Level Environment".

Command	Function
? (Help)	Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available). See "Getting Help".
Atecho	Sends echo requests and watches for responses.
Cache	Displays the cache table entries.
Clear Counters	Clears all cache usage counters and packet overflow counters.
Counters	Displays the overflow count of AP2 packets for each interface.
Dump	Displays the current state of the routing table for all networks in the internet and their associated zone names.
Interface	Displays the current addresses of the interfaces.
Exit	Returns you to the previous command level. See "Exiting a Lower Level Environment".

Atecho

The atecho command sends AppleTalk Echo Requests to a specified destination and watches for a response. This command can be used to verify basic AppleTalk connectivity and to isolate trouble in the AppleTalk internetwork.

Syntax:

atecho dest_net dest_node

dest_net: Specifies the destination AppleTalk network number, in decimal. This is a required parameter.
dest_node: Specifies the destination AppleTalk node number, in decimal. This is a required parameter.

Note:

For many AppleTalk nodes, the network address (network number and node number) is dynamically assigned and might not be readily available. However, there are still a number of ways to use the atecho command effectively:

The AppleTalk address for router nodes is statically configured in many cases. Connectivity between router nodes is critical to overall network connectivity.
By setting the atecho destination node number to 255, you can query all nodes on the specified network number on a directly attached AppleTalk network. The received responses will indicate the node's node number. These node numbers can then be used to echo these nodes from distant routers to verify connectivity.

src_net: Source AppleTalk network number. This is an optional parameter. If not specified, the router uses its interface network number on the outgoing interface leading to the destination network. If the outgoing interface is an unnumbered half-router PPP interface, the router uses any one of its LAN interface network nodes.
src_node: Source AppleTalk node number. This is an optional parameter. If not specified, the router uses its interface node number on the outgoing interface leading to the destination network. If the outgoing interface is an unnumbered half-router PPP interface, the router uses any one of its LAN interface network nodes.
size: Number of bytes to use in the AppleTalk echo requests. This is an optional parameter. Default is 56 bytes.
rate: Rate of sending AppleTalk echo requests. This is an optional parameter. Default is one second.

Note:

If you enter atecho with no parameters, you are prompted for all the parameters. Enter values for the required parameters and either enter values for the optional parameters or accept defaults.

Cache

The cache command displays information about the cache-size entries.

Syntax:

cache

Example: cache

            Destination  Interface   Usage  Next Hop
            122/22        1          1       27/5
            138/51        0          1       27/5
            23/7          1          1       Direct

Destination: AppleTalk node address (network number/node number).
Net: Number of the interface used to forward to the destination node.
Usage: Number of times this cache entry has been used in this aging period, which is five seconds. An unused entry is deleted after 10 seconds.
Next Hop: The AppleTalk address of the next hop router used to forward a packet to the destination node, or Direct if the destination node is directly connected to the interface.

Clear Counters

The clear-counters command clears all cache usage counters and packet overflow counters.

Syntax:

clear-counters

Counters

Use the counters command to display the number of packet overflows on each network that sends and receives AppleTalk Phase 2 packets. This command displays the number of times the AppleTalk Phase 2 forwarder input queue was full when packets were received from the specified network.

Syntax:

counters

Example: counters

            AP2 Input Packet Overflows
 
            Net            Count
            FR/0             0
            Eth/0            4
            PPP/0           22

Dump

Use the dump command to obtain routing table information about the interfaces on the router that forwards AppleTalk Phase 2 packets.
Note: dump interface# displays the part of the overall network and zone information that is visible on that interface.

Syntax:

dump

Example: dump

            Dest Net    Cost     State   Next hop        Zone
              10-19       0       Dir    0/0      "Ethertalk", "Sales"
              40-49       1      Good    10/13    "Marketing", "CustomerSer",
                                                  "TokenTalk"
              20-29       2      Sspct   10/13    "Fuchsia", "Backbone",
                                                  "Engineering", "MKTING"
 
            3 entries

You can also use the dump command with a specific interface to display the routes that are visible on that interface. You can use this feature to make sure filters are configured correctly because it shows whether or not filtered zones or networks are visible to an interface.

Example: dump 0

            View for interface 0
 
            Dest net   Cost  State   Next hop   Zone
             214-214   1     Good     152/152   "eth-214"
             153-153   0      Dir               "eth153"
             152-152   0      Dir               "ser152"
 
            3 entries

Dest Net: Specifies the destination network number, in decimal.
Cost: Specifies the number of router hops to this destination network.
State: Specifies the state of the entry in the routing table. It includes the following:
Next hop: Specifies the next hop for packets going to networks that are not directly connected. For directly-connected networks, this is node number 0.
Zone(s): Specifies the human-understandable name for that network. The zone name(s) is enclosed in double quotes in case there are embedded spaces or non-printing characters. If the zone name contains characters beyond the 7-bit ASCII character set (they are 8-bit), the zone name that displays will depend on the characteristics of your monitoring terminal.

Interface

Use the interface command to display the addresses of all the interfaces in the router on which AppleTalk Phase 2 is enabled. If the interface is present in the router but is disabled, this command shows that status.
Note: interface interface# displays the active filtering for that interface. It displays net, node, default zone, and active filters for one interface.

Syntax:

interface

Example: interface

           Interface     Addresses
             PPP/0       0/1 on net 1000-1000  default zone "SerialL ine"
             Eth/0       10/52 on net 10-19    default zone  "Sales"
             PPP/1       0/0 in startup range
             TKR/0       0/0 on net 20-29 default zone "Backbone"

You can also enter the interface command followed by a specific interface number to view the AP2 configuration of that interface.

Example: interface 1

            Eth/0   1/30 on net 1-5   default zone "marketing"
 
            Input Net filters inclusive   1-5
            Output Zone filters inclusive "finance"
            Output Net filters exclusive  1-5

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Nways Multiprotocol Access Services Protocol Configuration and Monitoring Reference Version 3.3 Volume 2

Nways Multiprotocol Access Services
Protocol Configuration and Monitoring
Reference Version 3.3 Volume 2